This course reinforces and introduces additional key geographic concepts and techniques related to the theory and application of geographic information systems (GIS). Topics such as geographic coordinate systems, geoprocessing, raster processing and analysis, digitizing, and various types of spatial analysis are given in-depth treatment during this intensive seminar. Spatial data literacy, data formats, and data manipulation practices are also emphasized. Students are trained in the use of both open-source (QGIS) and commercial (Esri's ArcGIS Pro) GIS software platforms. In addition to exposing students to the variety of settings and situations in which such GIS techniques are used, students will also learn how to implement such techniques.